pdf Organ Transplantation: Contemporary Islamic Legal Perspectives

Abstract

Research Objectives - This study aims to analyze organ transplantation from an Islamic legal and socio-economic perspective to offer ethical solutions for reducing access disparities and preventing exploitation.

Method - The research employs a literature review and document analysis approach. Analytical techniques include content analysis of fatwas and regulations, as well as a comparative analysis of classical and contemporary scholarly views.

Research Findings - The results indicate that organ transplantation in Islam is only permissible under emergency (dharurah) conditions based on the principle of kemaslahatan (public interest); MUI Fatwa No. 13/2019 led to a 23% increase in corneal transplants and 67% of kidney transplants involving living donors; and there is tension between medical necessity and commercialization practices, which contradict Sharia ethics.

Theory and Practical Implications - Theoretically, this research enriches the discourse on contemporary maqāṣid al-sharī'ah in Islamic bioethics. In terms of policy, it recommends a national donor data system and strengthening anti-commercialization regulations.

Novelty - This study fills a literature gap by offering an interdisciplinary approach that integrates classical fiqh analysis with the socio-economic realities of organ transplantation in Indonesia.